Modern cryptographic systems use substitution boxes (S-boxes) throughout the encryption process to enhance the security of the plaintext.The integrity of the communication process is ensured by these S-boxes, which are vital in converting the ciphertext back into the original plaintext during the decryption phase.The cryptographic strength THYROID

Ahmed Abdel-Galeel,1 Ahmed El-Zokaim,2 Hosam Hasan-Ali,1 Ahmed Ibrahim,3 Ayman Ibrahim,2 Ramadan Ghaleb2 1Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Assiut University Heart Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt; 2Cardiology Department, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt; 3Community Medicine Department, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptCorrespondence: Ahme

The occurrence of a new coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), quickly became a global threat after it had spread across the continents in just a few months.Over the next three years, it caused infections in over 646.6 million people and resulted in over 6.6 million deaths.As a novel disease, Coronavirus Disease

The voyages of exploration and discovery during the period of European maritime expansion and the immense amount of information and artefacts they produced about our knowledge of the world have maintained a difficult, if not non-existent, relationship with the main historiographical lines of the history of early modern science.This article attempts